What is CPT and OPT?

📘 Understanding CPT & OPT: A Guide for International Students in the U.S.

If you're an international student in the U.S. on an F-1 visa, you've likely heard of CPT and OPT—two programs that allow you to gain valuable work experience related to your field of study. Knowing how and when to use them is crucial for both your career and visa status.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

🔹 What is CPT?

Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is work authorization for F-1 students while still enrolled in school. It allows you to work off-campus in a job or internship that is part of your curriculum.

✅ CPT Eligibility

• You must have completed one academic year (usually two semesters) in the U.S.

• Your job/internship must be directly related to your major.

• The work must be a required part of your program or offer academic credit.

📆 CPT Timeline

📝 How to Apply for CPT

1. Secure a job/internship offer (must include job duties, dates, and employer info).

2. Get department approval from your academic advisor or internship coordinator.

3. Submit CPT form to your school’s international office.

4. Receive CPT I-20 with the authorized dates listed.

⚠️ You cannot start working until your CPT is approved and reflected on your I-20.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

🔸 What is OPT?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is post-completion work authorization that allows F-1 students to work in the U.S. for up to 12 months after graduation (or during school, in some cases).

If you're in a STEM field, you may be eligible for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, allowing you to work in the U.S. for up to 36 months total. You can apply for the STEM extension up to 90 days before your current OPT ends, and no later than the expiration date of your initial 12-month OPT.

✅ OPT Eligibility

• You must be in valid F-1 status and have completed at least one academic year.

• Your employment must be directly related to your major.

• You must not have used 12+ months of full-time CPT at the same degree level.

📆 OPT Timeline (Post-Completion)

Example: If you graduate on May 15, you can apply as early as February 15 and as late as July 14.
People usually set their starting date around June-July

📝 How to Apply for OPT

1. Attend an OPT workshop at your school (usually required).

2. Get a recommendation from your DSO (Designated School Official).

3. Receive an OPT-recommended I-20.

4. Submit Form I-765 to USCIS, along with your I-20, passport, photos, and payment (Around $400).

5. Wait for your EAD (Employment Authorization Document) card.

6. Start working only after receiving the EAD card and on or after the approved date.

🧾 Key Differences Between CPT and OPT